Disorders Of Neurotransmitters Diseases

Although there is a large number of (estabileshed and putative) neurotransmitters, the number of known diseases due to hereditary defects in the metabolism of these substances is rather small. The established neurotransmitter system can be divided into aminoacidergic (mainly gamma aminobutyrate, (GABA), glycine, aspartate, and glutamate), cholinergic (acetylcholine), monominergic (mainly adrenaline, dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin), and

purinergic (adenosine and adenosine monophosphate, diphosphate, and triphosphate, AMP, ADP, and ATp), while a rapidly growing list of peptides are considered putative neurotransmitters. Possibly involved in neurotransmission and/or neuromodulation are N-acetyl amino acids and N-acetyl peptides. This review deals with hereditary diseases in the metabolism of GABA, the monoamines, and N-acetylaspartate.